The UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has recently announced that it is considering adding a sixth question on diversity and inclusion (D&I) to its five conduct questions (5CQs). The significance of D&I has long been discussed and highlighted by the regulator, but the announcement marks a further shift in the FCA’s level of focus on D&I and should be read alongside the collection of recent FCA speeches on the lack of gender and ethnic diversity at a senior level in financial services.
The importance of D&I also feeds into the FCA’s recent “In confidence, with confidence” campaign, which encourages those working in financial services to report wrongdoing and aligns with the regulator’s renewed focus on purposeful cultures that will create environments in which individuals—from all backgrounds—feel safe to speak up, and in which diversity can flourish.
Mark Steward, the executive director of enforcement and market oversight for the FCA, delivered a speech at the New York University School of Law on 31 March 2021 on how to embed compliance into the roots of an organisation, including the framework and impact of the UK Senior Managers and Certification Regime (SMCR). As part of his speech, Mr Steward spoke about the 5CQs, and the potential introduction of a sixth question on diversity and inclusion.
The 5CQs form part of the FCA’s Conduct Questions Programme. First launched in 2015, the programme is designed to help firms improve their conduct risk management and, ultimately, drive cultural change. Mr Steward described the programme as a “new tool” designed to “help firms implement more effective change programmes as well as help[] the FCA to interrogate the process.” Originally aimed at wholesale banks, since 2017 the programme has been introduced more widely across the financial services sector.
The 5CQs are addressed to firms and require self-reflective answers to the following:
In his speech, Mr Steward explained that the 5CQs had gone on a “journey” since their introduction. Originally, assessment of the 5CQs focused on the role of senior management to deliver the “tone from the top.” It then focused on the “tone from above”: line managers setting examples for their direct reports. The assessment is now focusing on the “tone from within”: that individuals should know not just how their CEO or line manager would respond to a situation, but how they too, personally, would respond and why.
In his speech, Mr Steward noted that the FCA was “considering a sixth question in [the FCA’s] future work which will interrogate firms on diversity and inclusion, another telling indicator of culture.” The FCA considers that diversity plays a role in both the management of risk and a decrease in the number of misconduct fines. Although the regulator does not currently have formal powers to enforce D&I, the implementation of a sixth conduct question to the 5CQs would ensure that D&I is given further prominence within the FCA’s regulatory regime.
The sentiments expressed by Mr Steward follow on from the speech of Nikhil Rathi, FCA CEO, on 17 March 2021 at the launch of the HM Treasury Women in Finance Charter Annual Review. Mr Rathi’s speech, analysed by Morgan Lewis, made it clear that the FCA will not be afraid to draw on its wider supervisory tools in order to ensure that diversity is a core aspect of firms’ senior management culture. Mr Rathi also noted the symbiotic relationship between diversity and whistleblowing, asking firms: “[I]s your management team diverse enough to provide adequate challenge and do you create the right environment in which people of all backgrounds can speak up?”
Whistleblowing is central to identifying breaches and is emblematic of an individual making the choice to set the “tone from within” and not turning a blind eye to poor conduct.
The FCA’s recent campaign, titled “In confidence, with confidence,” encourages individuals to report wrongdoing in the areas that the FCA regulates. The campaign highlights the importance of regulated firms having robust whistleblowing policies and procedures in place and reminds individuals of the confidentiality processes that protect whistleblowers against the fear of retaliation from senior employees, or even dismissal.
As part of the FCA’s campaign:
The FCA has also made it clear that it is incumbent on leaders to “listen up” too. Senior FCA Adviser (and former FCA COO) Georgina Philippou delivered a speech on 16 March 2021 at the Building Ethnic Diversity and Inclusion in Investment Management – Report Launch. While focused on investment management, the themes discussed translate more broadly across the financial services industry. The published version of the speech emphasised that the response of an organisation is key to determining whether an individual or their colleagues will feel safe to speak up again. Ms Philippou underscored that leaders must play their part in this:
[O]ne small mis-step from a senior person can undermine a brilliant strategy and years of action. Being a strong leader means creating an environment where employees feel listened to. And a culture that encourages both speaking and listening up.
These recent speeches together show that the FCA is continuing to explore ways in which to promote D&I within its regulatory framework, in an effort to push firms further to address longstanding equality and diversity concerns in financial services, and particularly in senior roles. Such enhanced diversity will also feed into the FCA’s priority of strengthening whistleblowing processes and helping to ensure that whatever someone’s background, they will feel comfortable speaking up.
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